Arun stirred. "Shut up, Rohan. It's 2 AM."
The examiner, a gruff cardiologist, pointed to her jugular vein. "Explain the physiology of the jugular venous pulse. Use GK Pal as your reference."
He explained how, in right heart failure, the 'a' wave becomes giant because the atrium is fighting against a stiff, hypertrophied ventricle. He explained the Kussmaul sign, the absence of the 'y' descent because the stiff pericardium or the failing ventricle wouldn't let the door open properly. He connected the dots. He made the invisible, visible.
Arun stirred. "Shut up, Rohan. It's 2 AM."
The examiner, a gruff cardiologist, pointed to her jugular vein. "Explain the physiology of the jugular venous pulse. Use GK Pal as your reference."
He explained how, in right heart failure, the 'a' wave becomes giant because the atrium is fighting against a stiff, hypertrophied ventricle. He explained the Kussmaul sign, the absence of the 'y' descent because the stiff pericardium or the failing ventricle wouldn't let the door open properly. He connected the dots. He made the invisible, visible.