Verbos En Euskera Page
| Subject | Form | Meaning | |---------|------|---------| | Nik | dut | I have it | | Zuk | duzu | you have it | | Hark | du | s/he has it | | Guk | dugu | we have it | | Zuek | duzue | you (pl) have it | | Haiek | dute | they have it |
| Person | Basque | English | |--------|--------|---------| | Ni | nindoan | I went | | Zu | zindoazen | you went | | Hura | zihoan | s/he went | | Gu | gindoazen | we went | | Zuek | zindoazten | you (pl) went | | Haiek | zihoazen | they went |
The initial marks 3rd person object (absolutive). The -t, -zu, -Ø, -gu, -zue, -te mark subject (ergative). verbos en euskera
| Person | Basque | English | |--------|--------|---------| | Ni (I) | noa | I go | | Zu (you sg) | zoaz | you go | | Hura (s/he) | doa | s/he goes | | Gu (we) | goaz | we go | | Zuek (you pl) | zoazte | you (pl) go | | Haiek (they) | doaz | they go |
Euskera is a language isolate (not related to Indo-European, Uralic, or any other known family). Its verb system is polypersonal —the verb agrees not only with the subject but also with the direct object and indirect object. This makes Basque verbs more complex than those in Romance or Germanic languages, but highly systematic. 2. Main Verb Classes Basque verbs fall into two major categories: 2.1 Synthetic (or synthetic-conjugated) verbs Only about 15–20 verbs have a full synthetic conjugation (present and past tenses inflected for person and number). These are high-frequency verbs: | Subject | Form | Meaning | |---------|------|---------|
Notice: The auxiliary changes entirely depending on the combination of subject and object. The present tense of edun (for 3sg object) is:
| Verb (infinitive) | Meaning | |------------------|---------| | izan | to be | | ** | to have (possession) | | ** | to go | | etorri | to come | | ibili | to walk, to be active | | ** | to say | | ** | to know (fact) | | ** | to know (a person/place) | | ** | to bring | | eraman | to carry | | ** | to stay / remain | | ** | to lie (down) | | ** | to get up | | ** | to listen / hear | | ** | to see | | ** | to think / reflect | Its verb system is polypersonal —the verb agrees
| Form | Suffix | Example ( ikusi ) | Use | |------|--------|------------------|-----| | Participle (perfect) | -i (or -tu , -n , -si ) | ikusi | Perfect tenses, past participle | | Gerund (imperfect) | -tzen | ikusten | Progressive, habitual | | Future participle | -ko/-go | ikusiko | Future, prospective |